Pain-mediated aggression. Bella wasn't afraid or dominant; she was anticipating pain.
The primary vet performed a thorough orthopedic exam. Bella flinched when palpated along her thoracolumbar spine. Radiographs revealed mild spondylosis (spinal arthritis). Bloodwork was normal. zooskool ohknotty
Veterinary science, meanwhile, was busy curing distemper, setting fractures, and developing vaccines. The two rarely overlapped. Pain-mediated aggression